import cdsapic = cdsapi.Client()c.retrieve(    'reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels',    {'product_type': 'reanalysis',        'format': 'netcdf',        'variable': [            'geopotential', 'relative_humidity', 'temperature',            'u_component_of_wind', 'v_component_of_wind',        ],        'pressure_level': '700',        'year': '2020',        'month': '12',        'day': '16',        'time': '18:00',    },'test_era5.nc')

# 作者：气象家园 Tobiasimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport xarray as xrimport maskoutfrom cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatterimport cartopy.crs as ccrsfrom cartopy.io.shapereader import Readerimport cmapsfrom matplotlib import rcParamsconfig = {"font.family":'Times New Roman',"font.size":16,"mathtext.fontset":'stix'}rcParams.update(config)f=xr.open_dataset('F:/Rpython/lp36/test_era5.nc')lon=f['longitude'][:]lat=f['latitude'][:]lons,lats=np.meshgrid(lon,lat)z=f['z']*0.01t=f['t']-273.15r=f['r']u=f['u']v=f['v']# 作图region=[10,150,0,70]proj=ccrs.PlateCarree()fig=plt.figure(figsize=(16,9),dpi=600)ax = plt.axes(projection=proj)ax.set_extent(region,crs=proj)h=ax.contour(lons,lats,z,transform=proj,linewidths=0.5,colors='k')b=ax.barbs(lons[::8,::8],lats[::8,::8],u[::8,::8],v[::8,::8],transform=proj,linewidth=0.25,barb_increments={'half':2,'full':4,'flag':20},sizes=dict(spacing=0.1,width=0.1,emptybarb=0.02,height=0.35),length=3.5,zorder=5)lev=np.arange(-30,20,5)cs=ax.contourf(lons,lats,t,levels=lev,transform=proj,cmap=cmaps.NCV_bright,extend='both')maskout(cs,ax,'F:/Rpython/lp35/data/shp2/yuan3.shp',1)clip1=maskout.shp2clip(cs,ax,'F:/Rpython/lp35/data/shp2/yuan3')cbar=plt.colorbar(cs,shrink=0.75,orientation='vertical',extend='both',pad=0.01,aspect=30) #orientation='horizontal'cbar.set_label('Temperature/(℃)')ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp35/data/shp2/yuan.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='red',linewidth=0.8)ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp35/data/shp2/nineline.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='red',linewidth=0.8)ax.set_xticks(np.arange(region[0],region[1]+1,20),crs=proj)ax.set_yticks(np.arange(region[-2],region[-1]+1,10),crs=proj)ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(LongitudeFormatter(zero_direction_label=False))ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(LatitudeFormatter())ax.stock_img()font3={'family':'SimHei','size':16,'color':'k'}plt.title("2020年元朝NCEP/NCAR再分析数据高空分布图",fontdict=font3)plt.ylabel("纬度",fontdict=font3)plt.xlabel("经度",fontdict=font3)plt.savefig('F:/Rpython/lp36/plot123.2.png',dpi=800,bbox_inches='tight',pad_inches=0)plt.show()